Children

What Is ADD and ADHD? ADD, ADHD Definition

• ADD and ADHD Center: Symptoms, Types, Causes, Tests, and Treatments. (n.d.).WebMD. Retrieved August 9, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/default.htm
• NIMH. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (n.d.).NIMH Home. Retrieved August 9, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders. (n.d.). APA. Retrieved August 7, 2013, from www.dsm5.org/Documents/ADHD%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
• Understanding the DSM V - Applied Techniques Training Sue Suchocki 0447 115 - 928. (n.d.). Applied Techniques Training Sue Suchocki 0447 115 - 928 - Home. Retrieved August 7, 2013, from http://www.appliedtechniques.net/understanding-the-dsm-v.html

Types of ADHD: Inattentive Type, Hyperactive Type, Combined Type

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Symptoms - MayoClinic.com. (n.d.).Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 9, 2011, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/adhd/DS00275/DSECTION=symptoms
• FASTSTATS - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.(n.d.).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 9, 2011, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adhd.htm
• Types of ADHD: Inattentive, Hyperactive, and Combined Types. (n.d.).WebMD. Retrieved August 9, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/types-of-adhd
• Diagnosing ADHD: Changing Criteria in the DSM-V. (n.d.). Attention Deficit Disorder | ADHD Symptoms, Medication, Treatment, Diagnosis, Parenting ADD Children and More: Information from ADDitude. Retrieved August 8, 2013, from http://www.additudemag.com/adhdblogs/7/9837.html
• Understanding the DSM V - Applied Techniques Training Sue Suchocki 0447 115 928. (n.d.). Applied Techniques Training Sue Suchocki 0447 115 928 - Home. Retrieved August 8, 2013, from http://www.appliedtechniques.net/understanding-the-dsm-v.html

How Do You Get ADHD? Cause of ADD and ADHD

• FASTSTATS - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.(n.d.).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adhd.htm
• Kutscher, M. L., & MD.(n.d.).Neuroscience for Kids - ADHD.UW Faculty Web Server. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/adhd.html
• NIMH Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Easy-to-Read).(n.d.).NIMH Home. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml
• Very Low Birthweight Children Have Long-Term Behavioral And Psychiatric Consequences. (n.d.).Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/06/970606122249.htm

ADHD Symptoms: Signs and Symptoms of ADHD

• ADHD .(n.d.).KidsHealth. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/learning/adhd.html
• Symptoms of ADHD/ADD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).(n.d.).WebMD. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-symptoms
• Symptoms of Adult ADHD vs. ADHD in Children .(n.d.).CONCERTA® - ADHD Medication to Treat ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adults. Retrieved August 11, 2011, from http://www.concerta.net/adult/adhd-symptoms-adult-adhd-vs-adhd-in-children.html

How to Diagnose ADHD: The ADHD Assessment

• ADHD Misdiagnosis: 10 Medical Conditions Commonly Mistaken For Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (n.d.).Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/20/adhd-misdiagnosis_n_880632.html
• Diagnosing ADHD: Tests for Kids and Adults.(n.d.).WebMD. Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/diagnosing-adhd
• Diagnosing ADHD: Tests for Kids and Adults.(n.d.).WebMD. Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/diagnosing-adhd

ADD Help: Where to Get Help for ADHD

• ADHD in children - how to get help.(n.d.).Netdoctor: Private Healthcare Guide. Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http://netdoctor.privatehealth.co.uk/surgery-and-treatments/paediatrics/guide/adhd-in-children/
• M.A., E. J. (n.d.). Getting Help for Children with ADD / ADHD | Education.com. Education.com | An Education & Child Development Site for Parents | Parenting & Educational Resource. Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/Ref_Getting_Help/
• NIMH • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Easy-to-Read).(n.d.).NIMH • Home. Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml#pub6

ADHD Treatments: Treatment for Attention Deficit Disorder

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Treatments and drugs - MayoClinic.com. (n.d.).Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/adhd/DS00275/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs
• NIMH - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (n.d.).NIMH • Home. Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml#pub5 in, c. w. (n.d.).
• Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of the School-Aged Child With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder -- Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Committee on Quality Improvement 108 (4): 1033 -- AAP Policy. AAP Policy - Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics%3B108/4/1033

ADHD Therapy: ADD, ADHD Therapy for Children

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Treatments and drugs - MayoClinic.com. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 31, 2011, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/adhd/DS00275/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs
• Behavior Therapy Plan, Techniques, Charts For Children With Adhd Problems. (n.d.). Helping ADD ADHD Teenagers and Children. Parenting Skills for ADD and ADHD. Retrieved August 31, 2011, from http://www.adhdchildparenting.com/behaviour-therapy-techniques-adhd.php
• NIMH • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (n.d.). NIMH • Home. Retrieved August 31, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml

ADHD Medications: How ADHD Medicines Benefit Children with ADHD

• Adhd Drugs | PBS - Medicating Kids | FRONTLINE | PBS. (n.d.). PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/drugs/
• Choosing the Right ADHD Medication for Your Child. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/features/choosing-adhd-medication-child?page=2
• NIMH • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (n.d.). NIMH. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml

Natural Remedies for ADHD: Alternative Treatments for ADHD

• ADHD Alternative Treatments: Feingold Diets, Supplement, and More. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-alternative-treatments
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - Other Treatments. (n.d.). University of
• Maryland Medical Center | Home. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from
• http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/some_alternative_approaches_attention-
• deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_000030_10.htm

ADHD Cure: Is There a Cure for ADD?

• ADHD Alternative Treatments: Feingold Diets, Supplement, and More. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-alternative-treatments
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - Other Treatments. (n.d.). University of Maryland Medical Center | Home. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/some_alternative_approaches_attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_000030_10.htm
• NIMH • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (n.d.). NIMH . Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml
• Rodriguez, D. (n.d.). Treating ADHD - ADD/ADHD Center - Everyday Health. EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://www.everydayhealth.com/adhd/adhd-treatment.aspx

ADHD Support for Parents of ADD, ADHD Children

• Attention Deficit Disorder Association. (n.d.). Attention Deficit Disorder Association. Retrieved September 3, 2011, from http://www.add.org/
• CHADD Live | Home Page. (n.d.). CHADD Live | Home Page. Retrieved September 3, 2011, from http://www.chadd.org/
• Ph.D., M. N. (n.d.). The Value Support Groups for Parents of ADHD Children | ADDitude - ADHD Information & Resources. Attention Deficit Disorder | ADHD Symptoms, Medication, Treatment, Diagnosis, Parenting ADD Children and More: Information from ADDitude. Retrieved September 3, 2011, from http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/2535.html

Adults

What Is Adult ADHD? Adult Attention Deficit Disorder

• ADHD in Adults.(n.d.).eMedicineHealth. Retrieved August 20, 2011, from www.emedicinehealth.com/adhd_in_adults/article_em.htm
• Gentile, MD, J. P. (n.d.).Adult ADHD.National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved August 20, 2011, from

Adult ADD, ADHD Symptoms and Their Impact

• ADHD in Adults: Symptoms, Statistics, Causes, Types, Treatments, and More. (n.d.).WebMD - Better information. Better health.. Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-adults
• Adult ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder): Symptoms - MayoClinic.com. (n.d.).Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/adult-adhd/DS01161/DSECTION=symptoms
• The basics of Adult ADD/ADHD.(n.d.).VAXA Offers Homeopathic Medicine, Herbal Products, Vitamins and Supplements. Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.vaxa.com/add-adult.cfm

Adult ADHD Help: Where to Get Help for Adult ADD

• ADHD in Adults.(n.d.).FamilyDoctor.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011, from familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/mentalhealth/kids/636.printerview.html
• Getting help.(n.d.).NetDoctor.co.uk - The UK's leading independent health website. Retrieved August 21, 2011, from http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/adhd/gettinghelp.htm
• Searight, Ph.D., H. R., Burke, Pharm.D., J. M., & M.D., F. R. (n.d.). Adult ADHD: Evaluation and Treatment in Family Medicine - November 1, 2000 - American Family Physician. Home Page -- American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved August 21, 2011, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001101/2077.html

Adult ADD, ADHD Testing and Diagnosis

• Adult ADHD: Evaluation and Treatment in Family Medicine - November 1, 2000 - American Family Physician. (n.d.).Home Page -- American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001101/2077.html
• Antonio, P. S., TX, 1996.,& 2001. (n.d.).Brown ADD Rating Scales and Diagnostic Forms for Assessing ADHD and Related Problems.A New Understanding of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) from Dr. Thomas E. Brown. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www.drthomasebrown.com/assess_tools/index.html
• Getting help.(n.d.).NetDoctor.co.uk - The UK's leading independent health website. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/adhd/gettinghelp.htm
• Product - Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). (n.d.).Welcome to Pearson Assessments & Information / Clinical Assessments. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://psychcorp.pearsonassessments.com/HAIWEB/Cultures/en-us/Productdetail.htm?Pid=PAg111&Mode=summary

Treatment of Adult ADHD

• ADHD in Adults.(n.d.).emedicinehealth.com. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from www.emedicinehealth.com/adhd_in_adults/page8_em.htm
• Adult ADHD: Evaluation and Treatment in Family Medicine - November 1, 2000 - American Family Physician. (n.d.).Home Page -- American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001101/2077.html
• NIMH • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (n.d.).NIMH  Home. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml

Finding Adult ADHD Doctors Who Know How to Treat Adult ADHD

• 10 Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Adult ADHD. (n.d.).WebMD - Better information. Better health.. Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/adhd-treatment-in-adults-10-questions
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults. (n.d.).Cleveland Clinic.Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder/hic_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_adhd_in_adults_2.aspx
• Find a Doctor - Revolution Health. (n.d.).Revolution Health - Start your Revolution - Revolution Health. Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.revolutionhealth.com/doctors
• A reference service with many doctors who treat adult ADHD.
• M.D., D. K. (n.d.).How to Get Help for Adult ADHD - ADHD Blog.Health Information, Resources, Tools & News Online - EverydayHealth.com . Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.everydayhealth.com/blog/a-doctors-personal-take-on-adhd/how-to-get-help-for-adult-adhd/

Do Adult ADHD Natural Treatments, Natural Remedies Work?

• ADHD Alternative Treatments: Feingold Diets, Supplement, and More. (n.d.).WebMD - Better information. Better health. Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-alternative-treatments
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine for ADHD: Do Natural Remedies Really Work? - Adult ADHD - Health.com. (n.d.).Health.com: Health News, Wellness, and Medical Information. Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.health.com/health/condition-article/0,,20252301,00.html

Managing Adult ADD, ADHD at Work

• Adult ADHD at Work: Tips for Organization and Control. (n.d.).WebMD - Better Information. Better health. Retrieved August 24, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-in-the-workplace
• Adult ADHD at Work: Tips for Organization and Control. (n.d.).WebMD - Better Information. Better health. Retrieved August 24, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-in-the-workplace?page=2
• Managing ADHD at Work.(n.d.).CONCERTA® - ADHD Medication to Treat ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adults. Retrieved August 24, 2011, from http://www.concerta.net/adult/adhd-strategies-manage-adhd-at-work.html

ADD and Relationships: How Adult ADHD Affects Relationships

• ADHD in Marriage and Romantic Relationships.(n.d.).WebMD - Better information. Better health.. Retrieved August 24, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-in-marriage-and-romantic-relationships
• Jr., Ph.D, R. A. (n.d.).Solutions for Intimacy Problems for Adults with ADHD.Solutions for Intimacy Problems for Adults with ADHD. Retrieved January 24, 2011, from https://www.adda-sr.org/reading/Articles/solutionsforitimacy-austin.htm
• Halverstadt, J. (n.d.). ADD Relationships: 10+ Tools for Lasting Love | Adult ADD Dating, Relationships, Love, Sex, Marriage - ADDitude. Attention Deficit Disorder | ADHD Symptoms, Medication, Treatment, Diagnosis, Parenting ADD Children and More: Information from ADDitude. Retrieved August 24, 2011, from http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/7504.html

Adult ADHD Therapy - Could It Help You?

• Jacobs, C., & Ph.D, MSCP, I. W. (n.d.). Types of Psychotherapy - Adult ADD/ADHD. Netplaces. Retrieved August 31, 2011, from http://www.netplaces.com/adult-add-adhd/exploring-the-benefits-of-talk-therapy/types-of-psychotherapy.htm
• Smith, A. (n.d.). Medical News: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Improves Adult ADHD - in Psychiatry, ADHD/ADD from MedPage Today. Medical News and Free CME from MedPage Today. Retrieved August 31, 2011, from http://www.medpagetoday.com/Psychiatry/ADHD-ADD/21847
• Treating Adult ADHD With Therapy: Finding the Right Therapist. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved August 31, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/features/adult-adhd-therapy-finding-right-therapist

ADHD Coaching: How Can ADD, ADHD Coaches Help You?

• Criteria for Professional Membership in the ACO. (n.d.). ADHD Coaches Organzation. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.adhdcoaches.org/professional-membership/Institute for the Advancement of AD/HD Coaching - IAAC Directory. (n.d.).
• Institute for the Advancement of AD/HD Coaching. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from
• http://www.adhdcoachinstitute.org/joom2/component/option,com_sobi2/Itemid,191/International Coach Federation. (n.d.).
• International Coach Federation. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.coachfederation.org/icfcredentials/become-credentialed/
• Jacobs, C., & Ph.D. MSCP, I. W. (n.d.).

ADHD Drugs and How ADHD Drug Treatment Helps ADHD Adults

• ADHD in Adults: Symptoms, Statistics, Causes, Types, Treatments, and More. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-adults?page=2
• Searight, Ph.D., H. R. (n.d.). Adult ADHD: Evaluation and Treatment in Family Medicine - November 1, 2000 - American Family Physician. Home Page -- American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001101/2077.html
• The Pros and Cons of Strattera for ADHD: A Nonstimulant Medication Option - Adult ADHD - Health.com. (n.d.). Health.com: Health News, Wellness, and Medical Information. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www.health.com/health/condition-article/0,,20252272,00.html

Adult ADHD Support

• ADHD Resource Center - ADHDsupport.com. (n.d.). ADHD Information and Support for Adults and Parents of Children with ADHD ADHDsupport.com. Retrieved September 5, 2011, from http://www.adhdsupport.com/adhd-resources.aspx
• Attention Deficit Disorder Association. (n.d.). Attention Deficit Disorder Association. Retrieved September 5, 2011, from http://www.add.org/
• CHADD Live | Home Page. (n.d.). CHADD Live | Home Page. Retrieved September 3, 2011, from http://www.chadd.org/
• Ph.D., M. N. (n.d.). The Value Support Groups for Parents of ADHD Children | ADDitude - ADHD Information & Resources. Attention Deficit Disorder | ADHD Symptoms, Medication, Treatment, Diagnosis, Parenting ADD Children and More: Information from ADDitude. Retrieved September 5, 2011, from http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/2535.html

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Reasons for, and ways to cope with feelings of guilt that many Alzheimer's caregivers experience.

When caring for a person with Alzheimer's you may feel guilty even when it seems that you are doing the best you can. Such feelings, which are very common among caregivers, may undermine your confidence and self-esteem and make it harder for you to cope. If you can understand more about why you are feeling guilty you may be able to find ways to handle the situation.

There are many different reasons why caregivers feel guilty. Perhaps these feelings arise from your past relationship with the person who now has Alzheimer's, or perhaps they are triggered by a particular situation. Perhaps you are simply expecting too much from yourself.

If you can work out why you are feeling guilty and talk it over with someone who understands, you may be less inclined to blame yourself. You will then be able to think of positive ways forward.

Possible reasons for guilt and suggestions for coping

Mistakes

Caregivers often feel guilty about the occasional oversight or error of judgment. You may need to be reassured that it is all right to make mistakes - no one can get it right all the time. Try to focus on the many things that you do well in caring.

Unrealistic expectations

You may feel guilty because you have somehow failed to match up to your own expectations or the expectations that you believe other people have of you. It is really important to set realistic limits to what you can achieve. Remember that you are a person too and are entitled to have a life of your own.

Unpleasant thoughts and feelings

You may feel ashamed of being embarrassed or disgusted by the behavior of the person with Alzheimer's despite understanding that they cannot help it. You may feel guilty because you sometimes want to walk away from your responsibilities to the person. Or you may sometimes wish the person was dead.

You need to accept that most caregivers have experienced similar thoughts and feelings and that, in the circumstances, they are quite normal. It may help you to talk them through with an understanding professional or good friend.

Feelings about the past

It may be that the person who now has Alzheimer's used to criticize you in the past or always made you feel inadequate. This may mean that even now you feel uneasy and afraid that nothing you do can be right. You might feel guilty that you never liked the person and they now seem so helpless. Or you may wish that you had previously made more effort with the relationship.

Some people who feel this way are tempted to push themselves too hard in an attempt to compensate for the past. Try to come to terms with what happened in the past, so that you can leave it behind and deal with the present and future.

Expressing irritation or anger

You may find it hard to forgive yourself for occasionally showing your irritation or anger. Don't blame yourself. Accept that you are living with a high level of stress. You need an outlet for your emotions, time to yourself and support.

Look for ways of expressing natural feelings of frustration safely - such as finding the space and time to have a good shout or to punch a cushion. These techniques help to relieve tension by allowing you to express your pent-up negative feelings. Take advantage of any offers of help so that you are able to relax and unwind away from the person you are looking after.

Health, finances, conflicting demands may have an impact on the Alzheimer's caregiver. Here are some helpful suggestions.

• Try to eat a well-balanced diet with at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. This will make you feel better and give you more strength and energy.
• Taking regular exercise is vital for your health and will give you more energy. Walk in the fresh air each day if you can, or do some exercises at home. Ask your family doctor for advice.
• Make sure you get enough sleep. If your sleep is continually disturbed by the person you care for, talk to your doctor, social worker or community psychiatric nurse about it.
• If you have to help the person move, make sure you don't damage your back. Ask your family doctor to refer you to a physiotherapist for advice.
• See your family doctor on a regular basis to check up on your own health. Make sure they're aware of any stress or problems you are experiencing.
• If you start to feel depressed, anxious or stressed, see your doctor as soon as possible. There are a number of options available, and these problems are easier to tackle at an early stage.

Money

Your legal and financial situation may be affected if you are caring for a person with Alzheimer's.

• If you have to give up work, whether temporarily or permanently, check the position with your pension.
• Check whether you are entitled to financial benefits and, if so, which ones.
• Think about the best way to manage the person's financial affairs when this becomes necessary. This may be through a guardianship or an enduring power of attorney.
• Check your own position in terms of home and finances if the person you are caring for goes into long term care or dies.

Conflicting demands

Try to pace yourself - you can only do so much. Many caregivers feel torn between responsibilities - especially if they are trying to care for children, look after someone who is unwell, or go to work, as well as caring for the person with Alzheimer's.

• Find out whether there are any services available for the person with Alzheimer's that could relieve you of some of the stress.
• Make sure that others close to you understand what you are going through and tell them that you need their support.

Congratulate yourself

At times, caring can feel like a thankless task. The person with Alzheimer's may no longer seem to appreciate your efforts, and others may be unaware of how much you do. Pat yourself on the back from time to time, for...

• Managing to cope, day in, day out, with a very difficult situation
• Becoming ever more flexible and tolerant and finding new strengths and skills that you did not know you possessed
• Being there for someone who needs you.

Where to go for support

• Local Alzheimer's Association: 1.800.272.3900
• In the UK Alzheimer's Helpline on 0845 300 0336 - trained advisers can give you details of your local branch or support group
• A counselor or psychologist
• Friends and family

Getting caregiver support

• Be prepared. Find out about what help you might need, and where you can get it, before you actually need it. That way, when the time comes, you'll know where to turn.
• You'll probably need a lot of different types of help and support, ranging from practical care to giving yourself time off from caring to having someone to talk to about your feelings and concerns.
• Be persistent. Remember, you have a right to support.

Overview of complications from Alzheimer's disease plus prognosis for the Alzheimer's patient.

Alzheimer's Complications

A person with Alzheimer's disease can experience the following complications:

• Falls (from impaired coordination)
• "Sundowning" (withdrawal or agitation in the evening)
• Malnutrition and dehydration
• Infection (from urinary tract infections or pneumonia)
• Asphyxiation (stopped breathing)
• Harmful or violent behavior toward self or others
• Suicide
• Poor health and support due to caregiver burnout
• Physical and emotional abuse, including neglect
• Coronary disease

Prognosis for Alzheimer's Patients

There is no known cure for Alzheimer's disease; the disease naturally progresses and worsens over time. People with the disease can survive for many years, however. While most people with Alzheimer's die within 8 to 10 years, some live as long as 25 years.

Some people decline steadily during their disease, while others reach major plateaus where their symptoms advance quite slowly. Men and people with a long-standing history of high blood pressure are more likely to decline rapidly. Additionally, the older a person with Alzheimer's disease becomes, the more likely he or she is to decline rapidly.

An accurate, early diagnosis gives affected individuals a greater chance of benefiting from existing treatments.

Common characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease caregivers and why some are more vulnerable to physical and emotional stresses associated with Alzheimer's care.

Support for Families and Other Caregivers

Perhaps one of the greatest costs of Alzheimer's disease is the physical and emotional toll on family, caregivers, and friends. The changes in a loved one's personality and mental abilities; the need to provide constant, loving attention for years on end; and the demands of bathing, dressing, and other caregiving duties can be hard to bear. Many caregivers must assume new and unfamiliar roles in the family and these changes can be both difficult and sad. Not surprisingly, caregivers of people with Alzheimer's spend significantly more time on caregiving tasks than do caregivers of people with other types of illnesses.

Although research on caregiver support is still in its early days, we've already learned a lot about the unique aspects of caregivers' personalities and situations. For example, one study of the psychological and physical responses of Alzheimer's Disease caregivers showed that they don't all have the same response to caregiving. Certain characteristics seem to make some caregivers more vulnerable to the physical and emotional stresses associated with Alzheimer's care. These characteristics include being a male spouse, having few breaks from caregiving responsibilities, and having preexisting illnesses.

Caregiver research is also beginning to tease out characteristics of support programs that might be most useful for particular groups of caregivers. For example, peer support programs that link caregivers with trained volunteers who also have been Alzheimer's caregivers appear to help. These programs are especially good for caregivers whose social support networks are weak or who are in very stressful situations. Other research has confirmed that the information and problem-solving needs of caregivers evolve over time as the person with Alzheimer's Disease changes. Support programs can respond by offering services and information geared to different stages of the disease.

One of the most difficult decisions that many families face is whether and when to place a loved one with Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home or other type of care facility. Once this decision is made, families must decide what type of care is best for the person and the family. Many investigators are working to identify strategies that can lead to improved quality of care in various facilities, including assisted living facilities, continuing care retirement communities, nursing homes, and special care units (a separate area within a nursing home or assisted living facility designed especially for patients with Alzheimer's).

Who are the Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers?

Caregivers vary depending on the culture and ethnic group involved. Most primary caregivers are family members:

• Spouses: This is the largest group of caregivers. Most are older, too, and many have their own health problems to deal with.
• Daughters: The second largest group of primary caregivers are daughters. Many are married and raising children of their own. Juggling two sets of responsibilities is often tough for these members of the "sandwich generation."
• Daughters-in-law: Many women in this group help take care of an older person with AD. They are the third largest group of family caregivers.
• Sons: Though many are involved in the daily care of a parent with AD, sons often focus on the financial, legal, and business aspects of caregiving.
• Brothers and sisters: Siblings may assume primary responsibility for care if they live close by, but many are older and are coping with their own frailties or health problems.
• Grandchildren: Older children may become major helpers in caring for a person with AD. Adolescent or young grandchildren may need extra help and support if their parents' attention is heavily focused on the ill grandparent, or if the grandparent with AD lives in the family's home.
• Other: Friends, neighbors, and fellow faith community members also often help care for a person with AD.

Sources:

• National Institute on Aging - Unraveling the Mystery brochure
• The Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation

Detailed information on alternative treatments for Alzheimer's Disease, including herbs, supplements, vitamins, more.

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements for Alzheimer's Disease

Damage caused by free radicals is thought to play a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many researchers have investigated whether antioxidants (agents known to scavenge free radicals) may ease the symptoms of dementia, increase the life span of those with AD, and help prevent the disease. Two antioxidants, in particular vitamins E and C, have shown promise in both the prevention and treatment of the disease. Research on other supplements is less convincing.

Vitamin E and Vitamin C for Alzheimer's

Vitamin E dissolves in fat, readily enters the brain, and helps slow down the cell damage that occurs naturally with age. In a well-designed study involving 341 people with AD who were followed for 2 years, researchers found that people who took vitamin E supplements had an improvement in their symptoms and increased survival rates compared to those who took a placebo.

Two large trials suggest that vitamin E and vitamin C may prevent the onset of AD, improve cognitive skills in healthy individuals, and decrease the symptoms of dementia. In one of the studies, more than 600 healthy individuals were followed for an average of 4 years. A total of 91 people developed AD, but none of the participants who took vitamin E or C supplements developed the disease.

SAM-e for Alzheimer's (S-adenosylmethionine)

SAM-e is a naturally occurring compound that increases the body's levels of serotonin, melatonin, and dopamine. Clinical studies suggest that people with AD and depression have depleted levels of SAM-e in their brain tissue. While it has been reported that some people with AD have improved cognitive function from SAM-e supplementation, further studies are needed to determine how safe and effective this supplement may be for individuals with the disease.

Beta-carotene and Vitamin A for Alzheimer's

Preliminary studies suggest that levels of vitamin A and its precursor, beta-carotene, may be significantly lower in people with AD compared to healthy individuals, but the effects of supplementation have not been studied.

Vitamin B9 (Folate) and Vitamin B12 for Alzheimer's

Folate is a substance critical to the health of the nervous system and to a process that clears homocysteine from the blood. Homocysteine is a body chemical that contributes to chronic illness such as heart disease, depression, and AD. Elevated levels of homocysteine and decreased levels of both folate and vitamin B12 have been found in people with AD, but again, the benefits of supplementation for dementia are unknown.

Acetyl-L-carnitine for Alzheimer's

In addition to being structurally similar to the brain chemical acetylcholine, acetyl-L-carnitine is a scavenger of free radicals and is involved in the growth of brain cells. Several studies have examined the role of acetyl-L-carnitine in treating AD, but results have been conflicting. For example, one trial suggests that this supplement may help prevent the progression of AD in the early stages of the disease, but it may worsen symptoms in later stages of the disease. Use of this supplement for AD should be avoided, therefore, until more information is available. Reported side effects include increased appetite, body odor, and rashes.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) for Alzheimer's

Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring substance found in the body that promotes cell health and boosts the activity of acetylcholine and other brain chemicals. Animal and laboratory studies suggest that this supplement may protect the brain from damage. Clinical trials have found that it may improve memory, ease symptoms in those with mild to moderate dementia, and prevent cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals.

Red Wine and Grape Juice for Alzheimer's

Resveratrol, a flavonoid or plant substance found in red wine and grape juice, is an antioxidant that may benefit people with AD. Because the alcohol in red wine may contribute to falls, interactions with medications, and sleepiness, it is not recommended for those with the condition.

Herbs for Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's and Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

Ginkgo biloba is widely used in Europe for treating dementia. It improves blood flow in the brain and contains flavonoids (plant substances) that act as antioxidants. Although many of the clinical trials have been scientifically flawed, the evidence that ginkgo may improve thinking, learning, and memory in people with AD has been highly promising.

Clinical studies indicate that gingko provides the following benefits for people with AD:

• Improvements in thinking, learning, and memory
• Improvements in daily living
• Improvements in social behavior
• Delayed onset of symptoms
• Reduced symptoms of depression

Recommended dosages for ginkgo range between 120 to 240 mg per day. Reported side effects have been minor, but ginkgo should not be taken with blood-thinning medications (such as warfarin), vitamin E, or a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Preliminary studies indicate that the following herbs may also slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease and improve memory and behavior:

• Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium)
• Nicotine (Nicotiana tobaccum)
• Huperzine (Huperzia serrata)
• Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalus)
• Physostigmine (Physostigma venenosa)

Although the following herbs have not been investigated in clinical studies, a professional herbalist may recommend the following for people with AD:

• Sage (Salvia officinalis)
• Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
• Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
• Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)
• Guarana (Paullinia cupana)
• Gotu kola (Centella asiatica)

Alzheimer's and Acupuncture

Small studies have shown that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a technique used in physical therapy and certain types of acupuncture, may improve memory and daily living skills in people with AD. Further studies are needed to confirm whether acupuncture may be effective in the treatment of AD.

Alzheimer's and Massage and Physical Therapy

The inability to communicate normally with language increases anxiety and frustration in people with Alzheimer's. Using touch, or massage, as a form of nonverbal communication has been shown to benefit those with AD. In one study, people with AD who received hand massages and were spoken to in a calming manner had a reduction in pulse rate and in inappropriate behavior. Healthcare professionals speculate that massage may be beneficial for people with AD not only because it is relaxing, but because it provides a form of social interaction and a moderate form of exercise.

Mind/Body Medicine for Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's and Music Therapy

Music therapy, the use of music to calm and heal an individual, cannot slow or reverse dementia, but it may improve quality of life for both a person with AD and his or her caregiver. Clinical reports suggest that music therapy may reduce wandering and restlessness and increase chemicals in the brain that enhance sleep and ease anxiety. For example, people with AD have been shown to experience significant increases in levels of melatonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine after listening to live music regularly for a month. Mood also improved after listening to music.

Alzheimer's and Support for the Caregiver

Studies suggest that caregivers who receive emotional support tend to experience an improvement in their quality of life and those they are caring for benefit as well.

Alzheimer's and Ayurveda

The following Ayurvedic herbs are traditionally used to treat brain disorders in elderly people:

• Winter cherry (Withania somnifera)—demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the laboratory; enhances the tolerance of stress in animals
• Brahmi (Herpestis monniera)—improves motor skills as well as the ability to learn and retain information

Additional information on alternative treatments for Alzheimer's

Diet plans for ADHD vary from person to person, and the diet for an ADHD adult can be different from the diet for an ADHD child. Of course, each individual has different and unique needs.  Regardless of the specifics within the diet plans for ADHD, there are some generally agreed upon suggestions that can help promote brain function, and thus, general health and well-being.

Diet Plans for ADHD

As with any health condition, nutrition can make a big difference when it comes to managing ADHD. There are certain foods that can aid in optimal brain function, thus decreasing difficult ADHD symptoms like hyperactivity and inattention (Diets for ADHD Hyperactive Child and Inattentive Type). In the same respect, there are particular foods that those with ADHD are advised to steer clear of, in order to not worsen symptoms.  Yet more than knowing which foods can be helpful or harmful, diet plans for ADHD should incorporate certain essential elements.

• Do not skip breakfast – breakfast has long been deemed the most important meal of the day.  This is true for anyone, but especially when it comes to looking at optimal diet plans for ADHD.  Having breakfast can help sustain focus and promote increased attentiveness.
• Include protein in breakfast – a breakfast rich in protein is a great way to jumpstart your day and boost brain function. The brain uses protein to make neurotransmitters, the chemicals that essentially help brain cells talk to one another. Whether you are creating a personal diet plan for ADHD or a diet plan for your ADHD child, protein should be central to the morning meal. Try scrambled eggs or peanut butter on whole-grain bread.
• Take your supplements – whether you currently take supplements or not, you may not know there are certain “ADHD friendly” nutritional supplements. Omega 3 fatty acids, zinc, magnesium, and iron all promote better brain function.
• Snack smart – snacks are so important when it comes to diet plans for ADHD, especially if you are taking ADHD medication.  Stimulant medication tends to suppress one’s appetite, but just because you may not feel hungry, your brain still needs fuel. Sustaining energy through choosing healthy snacks throughout the day can help prevent blood sugar crashes and/or spikes, which can cause mood swings, hyperactivity, and inattention.
• Choose desserts wisely – too much sugar is unhealthy for anyone, especially those with ADHD (ADHD and Sugar: How Sugar Affects Your ADHD Child’s Behavior).  But if you have a sweet tooth, there are ways to incorporate dessert into any diet plans for ADHD.  Important here is to opt for less sugary dessert options. Some ideas are fruit and yogurt, homemade applesauce, or puddings made with skim milk.
• Balance your meals – it is suggested that an optimal meal for those with ADHD contains certain elements. In general, your plate should be half filled with fruits and vegetables, one-fourth with complex carbohydrates, and one-fourth with protein.
• Do not skip meals – life is busy, and sometimes that can make it difficult to always eat three meals a day. But for those with ADHD, it is vital to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Find ways to make getting all three meals easier.  One suggestion might be to use the weekends to cook meals for the upcoming week. Then, portion them out for an easy “grab and go” option.
• Beware of certain things – foods containing artificial dyes, sweeteners, preservatives, and/or excess sugar should all be left out of any sort of diet plans for ADHD (Food Dyes and ADHD: Do Food Dyes Cause Hyperactivity?). Check nutritional and ingredient labels so you are educated on what you are putting in your body.

These simple nutritional changes can make a huge difference. So, when creating diet plans for ADHD, don’t neglect these suggestions.

article references

Perhaps one of the greatest costs of Alzheimer's disease is the physical and emotional toll on family and caregivers. What's really involved in caring for an Alzheimer's patient?

Caring for a person with Alzheimer's

A reality check for an Alzheimer's Disease caregiver might look something like this:

• Physical effort and time commitment: Help with bathing, eating, dressing, and other activities of daily living take a lot of time. As the disease progresses, the need for this kind of help increases. Behavior problems and safety concerns mean that the caregiver is always "on duty," even when not actively helping the person.
• Financial costs: The costs of care vary, but can be high depending on whether the person is cared for at home or in a residential care setting and how much help the caregiver has. Many caregivers give up their jobs or cut back on their work hours and this also has financial implications.
• Psychological loss: Caregivers often experience a profound sense of loss as the disease slowly takes their husband, wife, parent, or friend. The relationship as it once was gradually ends and plans for the future must be radically changed. Caregivers must come to terms with "the long goodbye."

Many research studies have shown that caring for a person with Alzheimer's Disease can have some negative effects on the caregiver...

• Employment complications
• Emotional distress
• Fatigue and poor physical health
• Social isolation
• Family conflict
• Less time for leisure, self, and other family members

...but research has shown that caregiving also has important positive effects:

• A new sense of purpose or meaning in life
• Fulfillment of a lifelong commitment to a spouse
• An opportunity to give back to a parent some of what the parent has given to them
• Renewal of religious faith
• Closer ties with people through new relationships or stronger existing relationships

Sources:

• National Institute on Aging: Improving Support for Families and Other Caregivers (brochure)

What is the best diet for your ADHD child? Choosing a diet for your ADHD child can be a bit overwhelming. With all of the information available, and some of that information being conflicting, it can be difficult to know what is best.  While each child is different, there are some general guidelines in terms of a healthy diet for your ADHD child.

Diet for ADHD Child

Nutrition is a definite factor when it comes to what impacts a person’s mental and physical health. This is particularly true in terms of children with ADHD. Although there is some debate around the best diet for ADHD children, there are some general common suggestions in the available research.

• Choose protein-packed foods – an essential part of a healthy diet for your ADHD child is protein. Foods like poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and lean beef are all great options for providing your child with adequate protein levels.
• Maintain iron levels – although iron is one of the least talked about aspects in the discussion of diet and ADHD children, it plays a significant role. Iron is key to the management of your child’s ADHD. Iron affects the production of dopamine in the brain, and dopamine is central to many daily behaviors. But most important in terms of a diet for your ADHD child is the influence iron has on movement, memory, and mood.
• Incorporate herbs – a lot of the recent research on diet for ADHD children surrounds the significance of including certain herbs. Several herbs, including ginseng, St. John’s Wort, rhodiola, and ginkgo, have been recommended in managing ADHD symptoms. Of course, the FDA does not regulate the use of herbs and certain herbs may affect your child’s medications. So it’s important to talk to your child’s doctor when considering this as part of a diet for your ADHD child.

Foods to Avoid in a Diet for ADHD Child

Just as there are general recommendations regarding beneficial foods to incorporate in a diet for your ADHD child, there is also advice on what to avoid (ADHD Elimination Diet: Food Sensitivities in ADHD Children).

• Watch out for chemicals – many studies show the negative impact of certain chemicals (artificial additives, colors, and sweeteners) on ADHD symptoms. It is important to check ingredient labels to know which foods contain chemicals and/or additives (Food Dyes and ADHD: Do Food Dyes Cause Hyperactivity?). Although these are present in many food items, there are other, more natural options.
• Beware of candy – not only is candy full of artificial colors, but it is also loaded with sugar. Sugar can worsen your child’s ADHD, and increase overall hyperactivity (ADHD and Sugar: How Sugar Affects Your ADHD Child’s Behavior).
• Choose frozen fruits and vegetables wisely – this may surprise some, as in general fruits and veggies are part of a healthy diet for ADHD children. Yet, fruits and vegetables that are packaged and frozen often contain artificial dyes and colors, which exacerbate ADHD behaviors.  Additionally, frozen fruits and vegetables (like many frozen foods) are treated with chemicals for insect control.  These same chemicals have been connected to neurological-based behavior problems.
• Say no to energy drinks – energy drinks have only recently become quite popular, especially amongst teenagers.  Yet energy drinks are not only packed with sugar and artificial additives but also caffeine and other stimulants. If your ADHD child has an affinity for energy drinks, try to introduce new, healthier beverage options.

If you are concerned about diet for your ADHD child, the above-mentioned suggestions are a good place to start.  Yet it is always okay to consult a medical professional for further advice when deciding on the best diet for your ADHD child.

article references

Alzheimer's treatments - from medications for Alzheimer's to behavioral and lifestyle changes.

Treatment Approach to Alzheimer's Disease

Unfortunately, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. The goal in treating Alzheimer's is to slow the progression of the disease and improve symptoms. The most promising treatments for Alzheimer's include medications that increase the amount of acetylcholine in the brain (such as donepezil), antioxidants that scavenge free radicals (such as vitamin E and ginkgo biloba), lifestyle modifications (such as walking programs and relaxation training) to reduce anxiety and improve behavior. Studies suggest that music therapy, the use of music to relax patients and bolster the immune system, may be healing for those with Alzheimer's as well. It is also important that family members of people with Alzheimer's disease get emotional support and assistance with the demanding tasks of caregiving.

Alzheimer's Medications for Treatment

The following medications increase the amount of acetylcholine, in the nervous system and slow the progression of Alzheimer's:

• Donepezil—slows the progression of AD in 30% to 50% of people with the disease; has few side effects
• Tacrine—10% to 20% of people who develop AD early in life show a positive response to this medication; not beneficial for people in the late stages of the disease; serious side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and addiction
• Rivastigmine—side effects include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The following medications may ease the symptoms related to Alzheimer's disease:

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)—increase activity of a brain chemical called serotonin; used to treat depression; because symptoms of depression often precede AD, SSRIs may slow the development of AD
• Methylphenidate—stimulates the brain to increase alertness; used to treat withdrawal and apathy
• Risperidone, olanzapine, or haloperidol—act as mood stabilizers and work on improving social interactions, mood, expression of mood, delusions, and paranoia; decreases aggression; haloperidol has serious side effects, including impaired control of movement
• Carbamazepine (or other antiseizure drugs)—stabilizes sodium levels in the brain; used to treat agitation

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Alzheimer's Treatment and Lifestyle

Research indicates that the following lifestyle modifications may help improve behavior in people with Alzheimer's.

• A supervised walking program with a caregiver or other reliable companion may improve communication skills and diminish the risk of wandering.
• Bright light therapy may control insomnia and wandering.
• Calming music may reduce wandering and restlessness, boost brain chemicals, and improve behavior.
• Pet dogs can increase appropriate social behaviors.
• Relaxation training and other exercises that require focused attention (often used with refreshments as rewards) can improve social interaction and the ability to perform tasks.
• The Safe Return Program, implemented by the Alzheimer's Association, requires that a person with AD wear an identification bracelet. If he or she wanders, the caregiver can contact the police and the national Safe Return office, where information about the patient is stored and shared nationwide.

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease may also have particular dietary concerns. They may require:

• Extra calories due to increased physical activity and restless wandering.
• Supervised meals and assistance with feeding. People with AD often forget to eat and drink, and, as a result, often become dehydrated.