REFERENCES

Abrams, R., Fink, M., Dornbush, R. L., Feldstein, S., Volavka, J. and Roubicek, J.: Unilateral and bilateral electroconvulsive therapy: Effects on depression, memory, and the electroencephalogram. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 27:88-91, 1972.

Aird, R.B., Strait, L., Pace, J.W., Hrenoff, M.K., and Bowditch, S.C.: Current pathway and neurophysiologic effects of electrically induced convulsions. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 123:505-512, 1956.

Alexander, L. and Lowenbach, H.: Experimental studies on electro-shock treatment: The intracerebral vascular reaction as an indicator of the path of the current and the threshold of early changes within the brain tissue. J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 3:139, 1944.

Alpers, B.J. and Hughes, J.: Changes in the brain after electrically induced convulsions in cats. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 47:385, 1942.

Angel, C., Hartman, A.M., Burkett, J.L. and Roberts, A. J.: Effects of electroshock and trypan red on the blood-brain barrier and response retention in the rat. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 140:405-411, 1965.

Bazan, N.G.: Biochem-Biophys. Acta. 218:1-10, 1970; J. Neurochem. 18:1379 1385, 1971.

Bender, L.: One hundred cases of childhood schizophrenia treated with electric shock. Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 72:165, 1947. Blackwood, W. and Corsellis, J.A.N., Editors: Greenfield's Neuropathology, Edward Arnold, Publisher, 1976 Edinburgh.

Brody, M.B.: Prolonged memory defects following electro-therapy. J. Ment. Sci. 90:777, 1944.

Brunschweig,L., Strain, J.J. and Bidder, T.G.: Issues in the assessment of post-ECT memory changes. Brit. J. Psych. 119:73-4, 1971.

D'Elia, G.: Unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Psychiat. Scand Suppl. 215, 1970.

Dornbush, R., Abrams, R., and Fink, M.: Memory changes after unilateral and bilateral convulsive therapy. Brit. J. Psychiat. 119:7578, 1971.

Essman, W.B.: Neurochemistry of Cerebral Electroshock. Spectrum Publication, Inc., Flushing, N. Y.,Wiley 1973.

Fishman, R.A.: Brain Edema. N. .Engl. J... Med. 293, 14: 706-711, 1975.

Furlow, T.W.,Jr. & Bass, N.H.: Stroke in rats produced by carotid injection of sodium arachidonate. Science 187:658-660, 1975.

Grahn, A.R., Gehrich, J.L., Couvillon, L.A. & Moench, L.G.: A study of safety and performance requirements for electroconvulsive therapy devices. Report prepared by Utah Biomedical Test Lab, for FDA of the HEW/Public Health Serv., 1977.

Hartelius, H.: Cerebral changes following electrically induced convulsions. An experimental study on cats. Acta. Psychiat. Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 77:1-128, 1952.

Heilbrunn, G. and Weil, A.: Pathologic changes in the central nervous system in experimental electric shock. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 47:918, 1942.

Heilbrunn, C.: Prevention of hemorrhages in the brain in experimental electric shock. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 50:450, 1943.

Heshe, J. and Roeder, E.: Electroconvulsive therapy in Denmark. Brit. J. Psychiat. -- 128:241-5, 1976.

Janis, I.: Memory loss following electric convulsive treatments. Journal of Personality 17:29, 1948.

Janis, I.: Psychologic effects of electric convulsive treatments (I. Post-treatment amnesias). J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 111:359-382, 1950a.

Janis, I.: Psychologic effects of electric convulsive treatments (II. Changes in word association reactions). J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 111:383397, 1950b.

Janis, I. and Astrachan, M.: The effects of electroconvulsive treatments on memory efficiency. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 46:501, 1951.

Janis, I.: Personal communication. This result was never published because Janis became interested in other problems. 1976.

Klatzo, I. and Seitleberger, F.: Brain Edema. Springer-Verlag, N.Y., Inc., 1967.

Lancaster, N.P, Steinert, R.R. & Frost, I.: Unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. J. Ment. Sd. 104:221-227, 1958.

Lee, J.C. and Olszewski,J.: Increased cerebriovascular permeability after repeated electroshock. Neurol. 11:515-519, 1961.

Levy, N.A., Serota, N.J. and Grinker, R,R.: Disturbances in brain function following convulsive shock therapy. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 47:1009, 1942.

Madow, L.: Brain changes in electroshock therapy. Am. J. Psychiat. 113:337-347, 1956.

Ornstein, R.E.,(Ed.):> The Nature of Human Consciousness. Freeman, Pub. 1973.

Masserman, J. H. & Jacques, M.G.: Effects of cerebral electroshock on experimental neuroses in cats. Amer. J. Psychiat. 104:92-99, 1947.

Mosovich, A.,&Katzenelbogen, S.: Electroshock therapy, clinical and electroencephalographic studies. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 107: 517-30, 1948.

Plum, F., Posner, J.B. & Troy, B.: Cerebral metabolic and circulatory responses to induced convulsions in animals. Arch. Neurol. 18:1-13, 1968.

Posner, J.B., Plum, F. & Van Poznak, A.: Cerebral metabolism during electrically induced seizures in man. Arch. Neurol. 20:388-395, 1969.

Practicing Psychiatrist, A: The experience of electro-convulsive therapy. Brit. J. Psychiat. 111:365, 1965.

Roueche, B.: Annals of medicine. As empty as Eve. New Yorker, Sept. 9,1974.

Russell, W. R.: Traumatic Amnesias. Oxford U.P. 1971,

Schutta, H.S., Kassell, N.F. & Langfitt, T.W.: Brain swelling produced by head injury and aggravated by arterial hypertension. Brain. 91:281-194, 1968.

Siekert, R.G., Williams, S. C. & Windle, W.F.: Histologic study of the brains of monkeys after experimental electric shock. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 63:79-86, 1950.

Squire, L.R., Slater, P.C. & Chace, P.M.: Retrograde Amnesia: Temporal gradient in very long term memory following electroconvulsive therapy. Science 187:77-79, Jan. 1975.

Squire, L.R. & Chace, P.M.: Memory functions six to nine months after electroconvulsive therapy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 32:1557-1564, Dec. 1975.

Stromgren, L.S.: Unilateral versus bilateral electroconvulsive therapy. investigations into the therapeutic effect in endogenous depression. Acta Psychiat. Scand. Supplement 240, 1973.

Teuber, J.L., Corkin, S. & Twitchell, T.E.: A study of cingulotomy in man. Report to the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1976.

Valentine, M., Keddie, K.M.G. & Dunne, D.: A comparison of techniques in electroconvulsive therapy. Brit. J. Psychiat. 114:989-995, 1968.

Volavka, J., Feldstein, S., & Abrams, R.: EEG and clinical change after bilateral and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 32:631-639, 1972.

Whitty, C.W.M. & Zangwill, 0.L., Editors: Amnesia. London: Butterworths, 1966.

Windle, 14. F. et al.: Failure to detect structural changes in the brain after electrical shock. Quart. Bull. Northwest Univ. Med. School 44:51-54, 1948.

Winkelman, N.W. & Moore, M.T.: Neurohistologic findings- in experimental electric shock treatment. J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 3:199, 1944.

Winnick, H.Z., Landau, l.L., AssaIl, J. & Tomim, B.:"Microvascular changes during insulin-coma treatment" in Rinkel, M.: Biological Treatment of Mental Illness. L. C. Page & Co., N.Y. 1966.

Zinkin, S. & Birtchnell, J.: Unilateral convulsive therapy: Its effects on memory and its therapeutic efficacy. Brit. J. Psychiat. 114:973, 1968.

next: An Introduction to Neuropsychological Assessment